Diabetes Study of Children of Diverse Ethnicity and Race: Study design

By FYH News Team

Published on October 29, 2023

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doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3744.

Online ahead of print.

Maria J Redondo¹, Kylie K Harrall^{2

3}, Deborah H Glueck^{2

3}, Mustafa Tosur^{1

4}, Serife Uysal¹, Andrew Muir⁵, Elizabeth G Atkinson⁶, Melanie R Shapiro⁷, Liping Yu⁸, William E Winter⁹, Michael Weedon¹⁰, Todd M Brusko^{7

11}, Richard Oram¹⁰, Kendra Vehik¹², William Hagopian¹³, Mark A Atkinson^{7

11}, Dana Dabelea^{2

3}; DISCOVER Study Group

Affiliations

¹ Diabetes and Endocrinology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
² Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
³ Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
⁴ Children’s Nutrition Research Center, USDA/ARS, Houston, Texas, USA.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
⁶ Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
⁷ Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
⁸ Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
⁹ Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
¹⁰ Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
¹² Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
¹³ Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.

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Maria J Redondo et al.

Diabetes Metab Res Rev.

2023.

doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3744.

Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Diabetes and Endocrinology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
² Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
³ Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
⁴ Children’s Nutrition Research Center, USDA/ARS, Houston, Texas, USA.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
⁶ Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
⁷ Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
⁸ Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
⁹ Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
¹⁰ Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
¹² Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
¹³ Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.

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Abstract

Aims:

Determining diabetes type in children has become increasingly difficult due to an overlap in typical characteristics between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Diabetes Study in Children of Diverse Ethnicity and Race (DISCOVER) programme is a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported multicenter, prospective, observational study that enrols children and adolescents with non-secondary diabetes. The primary aim of the study was to develop improved models to differentiate between T1D and T2D in diverse youth.

Materials and methods:

The proposed models will evaluate the utility of three existing T1D genetic risk scores in combination with data on islet autoantibodies and other parameters typically available at the time of diabetes onset. Low non-fasting serum C-peptide (<0.6 nmol/L) between 3 and 10 years after diabetes diagnosis will be considered a biomarker for T1D as it reflects the loss of insulin secretion ability. Participating centres are enrolling youth (<19 years old) either with established diabetes (duration 3-10 years) for a cross-sectional evaluation or with recent onset diabetes (duration 3 weeks-15 months) for the longitudinal observation with annual visits for 3 years. Cross-sectional data will be used to develop models. Longitudinal data will be used to externally validate the best-fitting model.

Results:

The results are expected to improve the ability to classify diabetes type in a large and growing subset of children who have an unclear form of diabetes at diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Accurate and timely classification of diabetes type will help establish the correct clinical management early in the course of the disease.

Keywords:

C-peptide; atypical diabetes; classification; diabetes genetic risk score; diagnosis; paediatric diabetes; type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes.

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References

REFERENCES

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1. Hannon TS, Arslanian SA. The changing face of diabetes in youth: lessons learned from studies of type 2 diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1353(1):113-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12939
1. Redondo MJ, Rodriguez LM, Escalante M, Smith EO, Balasubramanyam A, Haymond MW. Types of pediatric diabetes mellitus defined by anti-islet autoimmunity and random C-peptide at diagnosis. Pediatr Diabetes. 2013;14(5):333-340. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12022
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1. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Lawman HG, et al. Trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States, 1988-1994 through 2013-2014. JAMA. 2016;315(21):2292-2299. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.6361

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Authors

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Abstract

References

REFERENCES

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