Question Compared with their representation in the US population with COVID-19, are female participants and racial and ethnic minority persons underenrolled in COVID-19 prevention and treatment trials?
Findings In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 122 US-based COVID-19 clinical trials with 176 654 participants, female participants were underrepresented in treatment trials, Asian and Black participants were underrepresented in prevention trials, and Hispanic or Latino participants were overrepresented in treatment trials.
Meaning These findings show systemwide differences in representation for several key demographic groups in COVID-19 prevention and treatment trials in the US.
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